A very interesting article but I think there's one major subtlety that is usually omitted. The practicality of urinating sitting down is dependent upon the design of the bowl and its setting for many men. German and American toilets are shaped quite differently inside. German toilets are much deeper and both the water and the bottom of the bowl in the critical area is much closer in American toilets than in German toilets. At the risk of being gross, when women the stream direction is automatic but with men there are complexities. Better-endowed men using American toilets often touch the bowl or even the water if they are not careful and even if they don't touch it. Avoiding dipping, splashing, or dragging your member on the porcelain requires maneuverig with an American toilet. You don't have to be Ron Jeremy to experience this--it happens to many men at least some of the time. Of course it's possible to pee sitting down for almost any man, and every man does at least some of the time but for many it requires significant care and maneuvering. And there are other anatomical problems for some men. For example, the need to direct the flow requires reaching between one's thighs. Obese or even modestly overweight men or very muscular men have to do significant contorting in what is often a tight space. Also, not all male members hang obediently down. Anyone who's had male children knows this very well. When little boys pee sitting down a common mode of failure is to pee straight ahead, missing the bowl entirely. Each anatomical type interacts with the hardware in its own way. It's not all just a matter of sexist males insisting on an unsanitary posture for peeing.